Where does “澳大利亞” come from?

澳大利亞 (Chinese) comes from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita, from Latin auster, from Proto-Italic *austeros.

Ancestry of “澳大利亞”, step by step

Step	Language	Word	Meaning
1	English	Australia	—
2	Latin	terra austrālis incōgnita	—
3	Latin	auster	The south wind; south
4	Proto-Italic	*austeros	—

澳大利亞 — Etymology, Origin & Word History | Etymology Explorer