Where does “loutna” come from?
loutna (Czech) comes from Middle High German lûte, from Italian liuto, from Middle French lut, from Old French leüt, from Occitan laüt, from Old Occitan laüt, from Arabic عود, from Arabic عَادَ — {{m|en|O|id=vocative}}.
loutna (Czech): lute
Ancestry of “loutna”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | Middle High German | lûte | — |
| 2 | Italian | liuto | lute |
| 3 | Middle French | lut | — |
| 4 | Old French | leüt | — |
| 5 | Occitan | laüt | lute |
| 6 | Old Occitan | laüt | lute |
| 7 | Arabic | عود | wood, timber; stick, rod, pole; branch, twig |
| 8 | Arabic | عَادَ | to return, go back |
| 9 | Arabic | و | and, "comma", "semi-colon"; a divider of words or... |
| 10 | Persian | یا | API •; or; either |
| 11 | Arabic | يَا | {{m|en|O|id=vocative}} |