Where does “dwangsom” come from?

dwangsom (Dutch) comes from Dutch som, from Middle Dutch somme, from Old French somme, from Latin summa, from Latin summus, from Proto-Italic supemos, from Proto-Indo-European (s)úp-m̥mo-s, from Proto-Indo-European upó.

dwangsom (Dutch): a financial penalty; a sum of money that one is legally required to pay, especially in civil or administrative law

Definitions

  1. a financial penalty; a sum of money that one is legally required to pay, especially in civil or administrative law

Ancestry of “dwangsom”, step by step

dwangsom traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via Dutch som

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Dutchsomsum
2Middle Dutchsomme
3Old Frenchsomme
4Latinsummatop, summit, highest point or place; the...
5Latinsummushighest, greatest, the most high; top, on top
6Proto-Italicsupemos
7Proto-Indo-European(s)úp-m̥mo-s
8Proto-Indo-Europeanupóunder, below
9Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃ewp-

via Dutch dwang

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Dutchdwangcoercion, compulsion
2Middle Dutchdwanc
3Old Dutchthwang
4Proto-West Germanicþwangibelt, strap, thong
5Proto-Germanicþwangizbelt, strap, thong; clamp
6Proto-Indo-Europeantwenk-to press, squeeze; to squeeze, press, pressure
Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃ewp-