Where does “kwaadspreekster” come from?
kwaadspreekster (Dutch) comes from Dutch ster, from French étoile, from Middle French estoile, from Old French estoile, from Latin stēla, from Latin stēlla, from Proto-Italic stērolā, from Proto-Indo-European h₂stḗr — to be/become dry; to burn, to glow; hearth.
kwaadspreekster (Dutch): a (female) defamer, slanderer
Definitions
- a (female) defamer, slanderer
Ancestry of “kwaadspreekster”, step by step
kwaadspreekster traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.
via Dutch ster
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dutch | ster | star; any luminous astronomical or meteorological... |
| 2 | French | étoile | star; mullet; a white mark on the forehead of a... |
| 3 | Middle French | estoile | star |
| 4 | Old French | estoile | star |
| 5 | Latin | stēla | column, pillar |
| 6 | Latin | stēlla | a star; a constellation |
| 7 | Proto-Italic | stērolā | star |
| 8 | Proto-Indo-European | h₂stḗr | star |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | h₂eHs- | to be/become dry; to burn, to glow; hearth |
via Dutch kwaadspreken
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dutch | kwaadspreken | to defame, slander, traduce |
| 2 | Dutch | spreken | to speak |
| 3 | Middle Dutch | sprēken | to speak, to say |
| 4 | Old Saxon | sprekan | to speak |
| 5 | Proto-West Germanic | *sprekan | to speak |
| 6 | Proto-Germanic | sprekaną | to speak, to make a noise |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-European | spreg- | to make a sound, speak; to make a sound, utter,... |