Where does “-wards” come from?
-wards (English) comes from Old English -weardes, from Old English -es, from Proto-Germanic -as, from Proto-Indo-European -ēs, from Proto-Indo-European -ess, from Proto-Indo-European -os — Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs;...
-wards (English): Forming adjectives and adverbs denoting course or...
Definitions
- Forming adjectives and adverbs denoting course or...
Ancestry of “-wards”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Old English | -weardes | Alternative form of -weard |
| 2 | Old English | -es | possessive marker, indicating that an object... |
| 3 | Proto-Germanic | -as | used in formation of adverbs |
| 4 | Proto-Indo-European | -ēs | Primarily forms adjectival bahuvrīhi compounds |
| 5 | Proto-Indo-European | -ess | — |
| 6 | Proto-Indo-European | -os | Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs;... |