| 1 | Latin | Artaxerxēs | — |
| 2 | Ancient Greek | Ἀρταξέρξης | — |
| 3 | Ancient Greek | Ἀρταξέσσης | — |
| 4 | Old Persian | 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 | whose rule is through truth |
| 5 | Old Persian | 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 | realm, province; kingship, sovereignty, kingdom |
| 6 | Proto-Iranian | xšaθram | — |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-Iranian | kšatrám | kingdom, dominion, empire; rule, reign |
| 8 | Proto-Indo-European | tk-e-tróm | — |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | teḱ- | to sire, beget |