| 1 | Ancient Greek | ἀρχαῖος | Pertaining to the beginning; ancient, primeval |
| 2 | Ancient Greek | ἀρχή | beginning, origin; sovereignty, dominion,... |
| 3 | Ancient Greek | ἄρχω | To begin; To lead, rule, govern, command; To be... |
| 4 | Proto-Indo-European | h₂ergʰ- | to begin; to command, rule; to begin, rule,... |