Where does “arduous” come from?

Arduous comes from Latin arduus, from Proto-Italic arðwos, from Proto-Indo-European h₃erdʰ-, a root meaning to rise or lift, with the Proto-Indo-European suffix -wós.

arduous (English): Needing or using up much energy; testing powers...

Definitions

  1. Needing or using up much energy; testing powers...

Ancestry of “arduous”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Latinarduuslofty, high, steep, tall, elevated; hard to...
2Proto-Italicarðwos—
3Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃erdʰ-to increase, grow; upright, high
4Proto-Indo-European-wósCreates adjectives from verb stems

Words derived from “arduous”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European -wós →