Where does “c.” come from?

City comes from Latin civitas, derived from Latin caput meaning "head" with the diminutive suffix -culum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European ḱey-.

c. (English): Abbreviation of circa; Abbreviation of chapter;...

Definitions

  1. Abbreviation of circa; Abbreviation of chapter;...

Ancestry of “c.”, step by step

c. traces back through 3 separate lines of ancestry.

via Latin capitulum

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1LatincapitulumA head-like object or structure; A chapter,...
2Latin-ulusUsed to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating...
3Proto-Italic-olos
4Proto-Italic-elosForms desubstantival and deadjectival diminutive nouns
5Proto-Indo-European-e-lós
6Proto-Indo-European-lósForms agent nouns from verbal roots

via English circa

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1EnglishcircaApproximately, about, around
2Latincircā
3Latincircumabout, around; in a circle, all around, on both...
4Latincircusa circular line or orbit; circle, ring; a...
5Ancient Greekκρίκοςring
6Proto-Indo-European(s)ḱer-dung, manure, filth; manure, dung, filth

via English city

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1EnglishcityA large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes...
2Middle Englishcitecity
3Old FrenchcitetAlternative form of cité
4Latincīvitās
5Proto-Italickeiwissociety; citizen
6Proto-Indo-Europeanḱey-to be lying down; to settle
Every word from Proto-Indo-European -lós