Where does “cocksure” come from?
I need to analyze this etymology chain, but I notice it appears to be corrupted or circular—it shows "English cocking | English ten" repeating multiple times without clear progression to older languages or a coherent etymological path. Given the rules require me to "state only what the chain supports" and "do not invent dates, cognates, or intermediate steps," I cannot construct an accurate sentence from this data. A proper etymology would show a clear progression through different languages (e.g., English → Old English → Proto-Germanic, etc.), but this chain doesn't provide that. **I cannot write the sentence because the provided chain does not support a valid etymological statement.** If you have the correct etymological chain for "cocksure," I'd be happy to write the summary sentence following all the rules.
cocksure (English): too confident; overconfident
Definitions
- too confident; overconfident
Ancestry of “cocksure”, step by step
cocksure traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.
via English cock
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | cock | A male bird, "especially:"; A valve or tap for... |
| 2 | Middle English | cok | rooster, cock; rooster crest, comb; heraldic... |
| 3 | Old English | cōc | a cook |
| 4 | Vulgar Latin | cocus | — |
| 5 | Latin | coquus | A cook; person who makes food |
| 6 | Latin | coquō | to cook; prepare food |
| 7 | English | Cook | A placename |
| 8 | German | kochen | to cook, to prepare food; to boil; to be stirred... |
| 9 | Middle High German | kochen | to cook |
| 10 | Old High German | kohhōn | to cook |
| 11 | Proto-Germanic | kukōną | to cook |
| 12 | Latin | coquere | second-person singular future passive indicative... |
| 13 | Proto-Italic | kʷekʷō | to cook |
| 14 | Proto-Indo-European | pékʷeti | to be cooking; to ripen |
| 15 | Proto-Indo-European | pekʷ- | to cook; to ripen |
| 16 | Proto-Indo-European | h₃-ép-kʷ- | — |
via English sure
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | sure | Physically secure and certain, non-failing,... |
| 2 | Middle English | sure | safe, protected; fortified, well-defended,... |
| 3 | Middle French | sur | — |
| 4 | Old French | seür | Alternative form of seur; sure |
| 5 | Latin | super | "accusative" above, on the top of, upon;... |
| 6 | Latin | eks-uper | — |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-European | upéri | alternative reconstruction of *upér |
| 8 | Proto-Indo-European | upér | above; over |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | upó | under, below |
| 10 | Proto-Indo-European | h₃ewp- | — |