Where does “con” come from?

I need to work through this chain carefully, reading from oldest to newest. The chain appears garbled (Latin conducere and Latin duco appear twice), but reading the layers: - Latin com + Latin duco = Latin conducere (to lead together) - Latin conducere → French conduire - French conduire → Latin rota (this seems wrong semantically) - Latin rota → English cond There's a structural problem here. The chain doesn't make coherent sense, particularly "Latin rota" appearing between French and English, and the headword "con" with unknown meaning doesn't clearly derive from this chain. The chain seems corrupted or incomplete. Given the constraint to "state only what the chain supports" and not invent steps, I cannot write an accurate sentence because the chain itself appears broken. A responsible etymology requires clarity about the actual path. If forced to attempt this as given, I would write: Con

con (English): To study or examine carefully, especially in...

Definitions

  1. To study or examine carefully, especially in...

Ancestry of “con”, step by step

con traces back through 3 separate lines of ancestry.

via English cond

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1EnglishcondClipping of conditional; Obsolete spelling of con
2Middle Englishconduen
3Frenchconduireto drive; to lead, to conduct; to behave, to...
4Old Frenchconduireto steer; to guide; to lead
5Latincondūcere
6Latincōn-Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects
7Latincumwith, along with; at; -fold
8Old LatincomAlternative form of cum
9Proto-Italickomwith, along, at
10Proto-Indo-Europeanḱómbeside, near, by, with
11Proto-Indo-EuropeanḱeDeictic particle, here; Post-positional...
12Middle Englishkyt
13Germankittputty certain kinds of cement used for fixing e.g. window panes
14Old High Germankuti
15Proto-West Germanickwidugum, resin
16Proto-Germanickweduzresin
17Proto-Indo-Europeangʷet-resin, gum; to say, speak
18Proto-Indo-Europeangū-to bend; curve; arch; vault; to bow, bend, arch,...

via Middle English acquerne

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle EnglishacquerneA squirrel; The fur of a squirrel
2Old Englishācweornasquirrel
3Proto-West Germanicaikwernōsquirrel
4Proto-Germanicaikwernôsquirrel
5Proto-Indo-Europeanwēr-true
6Proto-Indo-Europeanwer-to burn; to cover, heed, notice; squirrel

via Middle English connen

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle Englishconnen
2Old Englishcanna piece of knowledge; cognizance; confirmation,...
3Proto-Germanickannōknowledge
4Proto-Germanickunnanąto know, to be familiar with, to recognise; to...
5Proto-Indo-Europeanǵneh₃-to know

Words derived from “con

Every word from Proto-Indo-European gū-