Where does “paramaleic acid” come from?
paramaleic acid (English) comes from English Pará, from Portuguese Pará, from Portuguese Pera, from Portuguese espera, from Portuguese esperar, from Old Portuguese asperar, from Old Spanish esperar, from Latin spērō — to succeed, to prosper.
paramaleic acid (English): fumaric acid
Ancestry of “paramaleic acid”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | English | Pará | — |
| 2 | Portuguese | Pará | a state in the North Region of Brazil |
| 3 | Portuguese | Pera | — |
| 4 | Portuguese | espera | wait |
| 5 | Portuguese | esperar | to wait; to hope; to expect; to anticipate |
| 6 | Old Portuguese | asperar | — |
| 7 | Old Spanish | esperar | — |
| 8 | Latin | spērō | — |
| 9 | Latin | spes | hope; expectation, anticipation, apprehension |
| 10 | Proto-Italic | spēs | hope |
| 11 | Proto-Indo-European | spéh₁s | prosperity, success |
| 12 | Proto-Indo-European | speh₁- | to succeed, to prosper |