| 1 | Middle English | penaunce | penance |
| 2 | Old French | peneance | — |
| 3 | Latin | paenitentia | repentance, penitence, regret; penance;... |
| 4 | Ancient Greek | μετάνοια | afterthought, repentance |
| 5 | Ancient Greek | μετανοέω | to perceive afterwards or too late; to change... |
| 6 | Ancient Greek | νοέω | to perceive, observe, see, notice; to think,... |
| 7 | Ancient Greek | νόος | mind; an act of mind; the sense or meaning of a... |
| 8 | Ancient Greek | σφαῖρα | ball, globe, sphere |
| 9 | Ancient Greek | -ειδής | like, connected to, from the nature of, full of;... |
| 10 | Ancient Greek | -ής | adjective suffix |
| 11 | Proto-Indo-European | -ēs | Primarily forms adjectival bahuvrīhi compounds |
| 12 | Proto-Indo-European | -ess | — |
| 13 | Proto-Indo-European | -os | Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs;... |