Where does “sum” come from?

Sum comes from Old French summe, from Latin summa meaning "total" or "aggregate," derived from the comparative form of summus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European upo.

sum (English): A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation;...

Definitions

  1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation;...

Ancestry of “sum”, step by step

sum traces back through 3 separate lines of ancestry.

via Khmer

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Khmerwhite
2Chinese
3EnglishSueA Mary Sue
4Middle Englishseuen
5Anglo-Normansuernominative singular of seror; to dry
6Old Frenchsivreto follow
7Vulgar Latinsequereto follow; second-person singular future active...
8LatinsequorI follow, come or go after
9Proto-Italicsekʷōrfollow, come/go after
10Proto-Indo-Europeansékʷetorto be following
11Proto-Indo-Europeansekʷ-to follow; to see; to say

via Mongolian сум

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Mongolianсумarrow, projectile, bullet; district
2Mongolianᠰᠤᠮᠤarrow, projectile, bullet; district
3Manchuᠨᡳᡵᡠa big arrow; a basic unit of a banner army
4Proto-Mongolicsumunarrow
5Latinsummumtop; summit; nominative neuter singular of summus
6Latinsummushighest, greatest, the most high; top, on top
7Proto-Italicsupemos
8Proto-Indo-European(s)úp-m̥mo-s
9Proto-Indo-Europeanupóunder, below
10Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃ewp-

via Czech šum

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Czechšumnoise
2GermanSchaumfoam, lather, froth
3Middle High Germanschūm
4Old High Germanscūm
5Proto-West Germanicskūmfroth, foam
6Proto-Germanicskūmazfilm; grime; scum; foam; froth; yeast
7Proto-Indo-European(s)kewH-to cover, bedeck; cover

Words derived from “sum

Every word from Proto-Indo-European sekʷ-