Where does “that've” come from?

that've (English) comes from English þat, from Middle English þat, from Old English þæt, from Proto-Germanic þat, from Proto-Indo-European tód, from Proto-Indo-European to-, from Proto-Indo-European só — this; that.

Ancestry of “that've”, step by step

that've traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via English þat

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Englishþatso, so that, in order that
2Middle EnglishþatAlternative form of that
3Old Englishþætnominative/accusative neuter singular of se: the;...
4Proto-Germanicþatnominative/accusative singular neuter of *sa
5Proto-Indo-Europeantóddemonstrative pronoun; that; it
6Proto-Indo-Europeanto-it; that; the, that
7Proto-Indo-Europeanthis; that

via English ’ve

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1English’vein its sense marking the perfect or retrospective aspect
Every word from Proto-Indo-European
that've — Etymology, Origin & Word History | Etymology Explorer