Where does “elend” come from?

elend (German) comes from Middle High German elen, from Old High German elina, from Proto-West Germanic alinu, from Proto-Germanic alinō, from Proto-Indo-European Heh₃l-én-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European Heh₃l- — to bow, to bend; elbow.

elend (German): miserable; wretched; sordid

Definitions

  1. miserable; wretched; sordid

Ancestry of “elend”, step by step

elend traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via Middle High German elen

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle High Germanelen
2Old High Germanelinaulna, ell, elbow; ell
3Proto-West Germanicalinuforearm, ell
4Proto-Germanicalinōelbow; ell, cubit
5Proto-Indo-EuropeanHeh₃l-én-eh₂
6Proto-Indo-EuropeanHeh₃l-to bow, to bend; elbow

via Middle High German ellende

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle High Germanellendeforeign, displaced, miserable
2Old High Germanelilenti
3Proto-West Germanicalljaselse, otherwise, besides
4Proto-Germanicaljasof another, of something else
5Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂élyosother, another
6Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂él-to grow, nourish
Every word from Proto-Indo-European Heh₃l-Every word from Proto-Indo-European Heh₃l-én-eh₂Every word from Proto-Germanic alinō