Where does “pflichtschuldig” come from?
pflichtschuldig (German) comes from German schuldig, from German Schuld, from Middle High German schult, from Old High German sculd, from Proto-West Germanic skuldi, from Proto-Germanic skuldiz, from Proto-Indo-European skéltis, from Proto-Indo-European sḱel- — to warm up, to be hot; to warm up, be hot.
pflichtschuldig (German): dutiful
Ancestry of “pflichtschuldig”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | German | schuldig | guilty, culpable, in debt |
| 2 | German | Schuld | debt; fault; guilt |
| 3 | Middle High German | schult | — |
| 4 | Old High German | sculd | debt |
| 5 | Proto-West Germanic | skuldi | obligation; debt; fault, blame, guilt |
| 6 | Proto-Germanic | skuldiz | obligation; debt; fault, blame, guilt |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-European | skéltis | — |
| 8 | Proto-Indo-European | sḱel- | — |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | ḱelh₁- | to warm up, to be hot; to warm up, be hot |