Where does “五十音図” come from?

五十音図 (Japanese) comes from Japanese 五十音, from Japanese 音, from Middle Chinese 音.

五十音図 (Japanese): the 5x10 table used for arranging all the 47 kana used for the 五十音, whose 列 are arranged by the vowels and 行 are arranged by the consonants (Ø, voiced obstruents and are customarily not included because they were rarely distinguished in writing); columns are ranked by 段, with the vowel being the hig

Definitions

the 5x10 table used for arranging all the 47 kana used for the 五十音, whose 列 are arranged by the vowels and 行 are arranged by the consonants (Ø, voiced obstruents and are customarily not included because they were rarely distinguished in writing); columns are ranked by 段, with the vowel being the hig

Ancestry of “五十音図”, step by step

五十音図 traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via Japanese 五十音

Step	Language	Word	Meaning
1	Japanese	五十音	The modern ordering of the Japanese syllabaries:...
2	Japanese	音	sound
3	Middle Chinese	音	—

via Japanese 図

Step	Language	Word	Meaning
1	Japanese	図	diagram, figure, illustration
2	Middle Chinese	圖	—

Every word from Middle Chinese 音 →Every word from Japanese 音 →Every word from Japanese 五十音 →