Where does “paiʼ ceraʼ” come from?

paiʼ ceraʼ (Makasar) comes from Makasar paiʼ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian paqit, from Proto-Austronesian paqiC.

paiʼ ceraʼ (Makasar): thoroughly bad; doing all sorts of evil literally: bitter of blood

Definitions

  1. thoroughly bad; doing all sorts of evil literally: bitter of blood

Ancestry of “paiʼ ceraʼ”, step by step

paiʼ ceraʼ traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via Makasar paiʼ

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Makasarpaiʼgall; bile
2Proto-Malayo-Polynesianpaqitbitterness
3Proto-AustronesianpaqiC—

via Makasar ceraʼ

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Makasarceraʼblood
Every word from Proto-Austronesian paqiC →Every word from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian paqit →Every word from Makasar paiʼ →