Where does “penggalian” come from?
penggalian (Malay) comes from Malay peng- -an, from Malay peng-, from Malay -an, from English -ant, from Middle English -ant, from Old English -ende, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic -andz — sound, voice.
penggalian (Malay): excavation
Definitions
- excavation
Ancestry of “penggalian”, step by step
penggalian traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.
via Malay peng- -an
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Malay | peng- -an | the action expressed by the transitive verb [base] |
| 2 | Malay | peng- | actor, instrument, or someone characterized by... |
| 3 | Malay | -an | Suffix for collectivity; Suffix for similarity;... |
| 4 | English | -ant | The agent noun derived from verb; An adjective... |
| 5 | Middle English | -ant | — |
| 6 | Old English | -ende | equivalent of English -ing; suffix for present... |
| 7 | Proto-West Germanic | *-andī | — |
| 8 | Proto-Germanic | -andz | — |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | -ónts | Derives nouns denoting body parts |
| 10 | Hungarian | önt | to pour; to cast; accusative singular of ön |
| 11 | Hungarian | ön | you |
| 12 | Hungarian | ön- | self- |
| 13 | Turkish | ön | front |
| 14 | Ottoman Turkish | اوك | voice (of human or animal); sound |
| 15 | Proto-Turkic | ǖn | sound, voice |
via Malay gali
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Malay | gali | to dig; galley |
| 2 | Malay | kali | Obsolete form of gali; river; times |
| 3 | Javanese | ꦏꦭ | time; season; bird noose or snare |
| 4 | Old Javanese | kali | river |
| 5 | Proto-Malayo-Polynesian | kali | to dig up; to excavate |
| 6 | Proto-Austronesian | kalih | to dig up; to excavate |
| 7 | Old Javanese | ka- | passive verb-forming prefix |
| 8 | Proto-Malayo-Polynesian | ka- | marker of past time in temporal expressions |
| 9 | Proto-Austronesian | ka- | inchoative |