Where does “runen” come from?

runen (Middle Dutch) comes from Old Dutch rūnon, from Proto-West Germanic *rūnēn, from Proto-Germanic *rūnijaną.

Ancestry of “runen”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Dutchrūnonto whisper
2Proto-West Germanic*rūnēnto whisper, conspire
3Proto-Germanic*rūnijaną—

Words derived from “runen”

Every word from Proto-Germanic *rūnijaną →Every word from Proto-West Germanic *rūnēn →Every word from Old Dutch rūnon →