Where does “exercise” come from?

exercise (Middle English) comes from Old French exercise, from Latin exercitium, from Latin exerceo, from Latin arceo, from Proto-Italic arkeō, from Proto-Indo-European h₂erk- — to protect, guard, hold, lock.

Ancestry of “exercise”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Frenchexercise
2Latinexercitiumexercise, practice
3LatinexerceoI keep busy, keep at work, drive on; occupy,...
4LatinarceoI shut up, enclose; box in; I keep off, ward off;...
5Proto-Italicarkeōto contain
6Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂erk-to protect, guard, hold, lock

Words derived from “exercise

Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₂erk-
exercise — Etymology, Origin & Word History | Etymology Explorer