Where does “rough” come from?

rough (Middle English) comes from Old English rūg, from Proto-Germanic rūhaz, from Proto-Indo-European h₃rewk-, from Proto-Indo-European h₃er- — to move, to stir; to rise, to spring; to quarrel,...

Ancestry of “rough”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishrūg—
2Proto-Germanicrūhazrough
3Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃rewk-to dig; to till
4Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃er-to move, to stir; to rise, to spring; to quarrel,...

Words derived from “rough”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃er- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃rewk- →Every word from Proto-Germanic rūhaz →