Where does “ruggen” come from?
ruggen (Middle English) comes from Middle English rokken, from Old English roccian, from Proto-West Germanic *rukkōn, from Proto-Germanic rukkōną, from Proto-Indo-European Hruknéh₂-, from Proto-Indo-European h₃rewk-, from Proto-Indo-European h₃er- — to move, to stir; to rise, to spring; to quarrel,...
Ancestry of “ruggen”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Middle English | rokken | to rock |
| 2 | Old English | roccian | to rock |
| 3 | Proto-West Germanic | *rukkōn | — |
| 4 | Proto-Germanic | rukkōną | to move, move back and forth, rock |
| 5 | Proto-Indo-European | Hruknéh₂- | — |
| 6 | Proto-Indo-European | h₃rewk- | to dig; to till |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-European | h₃er- | to move, to stir; to rise, to spring; to quarrel,... |