Etymology Explorer › Middle English

Where does “under-” come from?

under- (Middle English) comes from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic under, from Proto-Indo-European h₁entér, from Proto-Indo-European h₁en — in; in, inside.

Ancestry of “under-”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishunder-between, among; beneath; subordinate to
2Proto-Germanicunderamong, between; under, beneath; under
3Proto-Indo-Europeanh₁entérbetween
4Proto-Indo-Europeanh₁enin; in, inside

Words derived from “under-”

  • undermine
  • undergraduate
  • undermining
  • underwear
  • underestimate
  • underworld
  • underscore
  • underline
  • undergrowth
  • underside
  • undertone
  • underpin
  • underbrush
  • understatement
  • underfoot
  • undersigned
  • understated
  • undercurrent
  • underlining
  • underclass
  • underdevelopment
  • underprivileged
  • undervalue
  • underserved
Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₁en →