Where does “hard” come from?

hard (Norwegian Bokmål) comes from Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic harduz, from Proto-Indo-European kert-, from Proto-Turkic *keŕ- — to travel, tour.

hard (Norwegian Bokmål): hard; hard, stern, severe; hardy

Definitions

  1. hard; hard, stern, severe; hardy

Ancestry of “hard”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Norseharðrhard; hard, stern, severe; hardy
2Proto-Germanicharduzhard; brave
3Proto-Indo-Europeankert-times; to weave, twist together; time
4Proto-Turkic*keŕ-to travel, tour

Words derived from “hard”

Every word from Proto-Turkic *keŕ- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European kert- →Every word from Proto-Germanic harduz →