Where does “تعلم” come from?

تعلم (Old Aramaic) comes from Arabic تعلم, from Arabic ل, from Proto-Semitic *lV- — for, to.

Ancestry of “تعلم”, step by step

Step	Language	Word	Meaning
1	Arabic	تعلم	to learn; verbal noun of تَعَلَّمَ; action of...
2	Arabic	ل	to, for, belonging to; لَـ •; Used to express...
3	Proto-Semitic	*lV-	for, to