Where does “and-” come from?

and- (Old English) comes from Proto-West Germanic anda-, from Proto-Germanic anda-, from Proto-Indo-European h₂énti, from Proto-Indo-European h₂énts, from Proto-Indo-European h₂ent-, from Proto-Indo-European h₂en- — on, onto.

and- (Old English): against, opposing; in return, back; facing,...

Definitions

  1. against, opposing; in return, back; facing,...

Ancestry of “and-”, step by step

and- traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via Proto-West Germanic anda-

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Proto-West Germanicanda-against, opposing; in return, back; facing,...
2Proto-Germanicanda-against, opposing; un-, de-
3Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂éntiopposite; near; in front
4Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂éntsforehead; front
5Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂ent-face; forehead; front
6Proto-Indo-Europeanh₂en-on, onto

via Proto-Germanic andi-

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Proto-Germanicandi-against; across, opposite, against, away
2Livonianurj-fin-pro:*enci—

Words derived from “and-”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₂en- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₂ent- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₂énts →