Where does “earfoþdæde” come from?
earfoþdæde (Old English) comes from Old English earfoþe, from Proto-West Germanic arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic arbaidiz, from Proto-Indo-European h₃órbʰos, from Proto-Indo-European h₃erbʰ- — to change allegiance, status, ownership;...
earfoþdæde (Old English): hard to do, difficult
Ancestry of “earfoþdæde”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | Old English | earfoþe | hard, difficult; work; labour; suffering;... |
| 2 | Proto-West Germanic | arbaiþi | hardship |
| 3 | Proto-Germanic | arbaidiz | labour, work, toil; hardship, suffering |
| 4 | Proto-Indo-European | h₃órbʰos | orphan; servant, slave, worker |
| 5 | Proto-Indo-European | h₃erbʰ- | to change allegiance, status, ownership;... |