Where does “earfoþlic” come from?

earfoþlic (Old English) comes from Old English earfoþe, from Proto-West Germanic arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic arbaidiz, from Proto-Indo-European h₃órbʰos, from Proto-Indo-European h₃erbʰ- — to change allegiance, status, ownership;...

earfoþlic (Old English): irksome

Definitions

  1. irksome

Ancestry of “earfoþlic”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishearfoþehard, difficult; work; labour; suffering;...
2Proto-West Germanicarbaiþihardship
3Proto-Germanicarbaidizlabour, work, toil; hardship, suffering
4Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃órbʰosorphan; servant, slave, worker
5Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃erbʰ-to change allegiance, status, ownership;...
Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃erbʰ-Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃órbʰosEvery word from Proto-Germanic arbaidiz