Where does “??” come from?

?? (Old Persian) comes from Proto-Iranian máH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian maH, from Proto-Indo-European meh₁ — prohibitive particle.

Ancestry of “??”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Proto-IranianmáH—
2Proto-Indo-IranianmaHdo not; prohibitive particle
3Proto-Indo-Europeanmeh₁prohibitive particle

Words derived from “??”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European meh₁ →Every word from Proto-Indo-Iranian maH →Every word from Proto-Iranian máH →