Where does “skuld” come from?

skuld (Old Saxon) comes from Proto-West Germanic skuldi, from Proto-Germanic skuldiz, from Proto-Indo-European skéltis, from Proto-Indo-European sḱel-, from Proto-Indo-European ḱelh₁- — to warm up, to be hot; to warm up, be hot.

Ancestry of “skuld”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Proto-West Germanicskuldiobligation; debt; fault, blame, guilt
2Proto-Germanicskuldizobligation; debt; fault, blame, guilt
3Proto-Indo-Europeanskéltis—
4Proto-Indo-Europeansḱel-to be obligated, owe
5Proto-Indo-Europeanḱelh₁-to warm up, to be hot; to warm up, be hot

Words derived from “skuld”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European ḱelh₁- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European sḱel- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European skéltis →