Where does “árduo” come from?

árduo (Portuguese) comes from Latin arduus, from Proto-Italic arðwos, from Proto-Indo-European h₃erdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European -wós — Creates adjectives from verb stems.

árduo (Portuguese): arduous

Definitions

  1. arduous

Ancestry of “árduo”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Latinarduuslofty, high, steep, tall, elevated; hard to...
2Proto-Italicarðwos—
3Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃erdʰ-to increase, grow; upright, high
4Proto-Indo-European-wósCreates adjectives from verb stems

Words derived from “árduo”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European -wós →Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃erdʰ- →Every word from Proto-Italic arðwos →