Where does “ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ” come from?
ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ (Punjabi) comes from Hindi पुर्तगाल, from Portuguese Portugal, from Middle English Portyngale, from Middle French Portingal, from Latin Portucale, from Latin Portus Cale, from Latin Portus, from Proto-Italic portus — passed , crossed.
Ancestry of “ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hindi | पुर्तगाल | — |
| 2 | Portuguese | Portugal | — |
| 3 | Middle English | Portyngale | — |
| 4 | Middle French | Portingal | — |
| 5 | Latin | Portucale | Portugal |
| 6 | Latin | Portus Cale | Oporto |
| 7 | Latin | Portus | ” or, later, “Portus Rōmae”}} Portus large artificial harbour of Ancient Rome |
| 8 | Proto-Italic | portus | harbour |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | pértus | crossing |
| 10 | Proto-Indo-European | per- | before, in front; first; to go through |
| 11 | Proto-Indo-European | pr̥tós | passed , crossed |