Where does “Калькутта” come from?

Калькутта (Russian) comes from English Calcutta, from Bengali কলকাতা, from Bengali কলিকাতা.

Ancestry of “Калькутта”, step by step

Step	Language	Word	Meaning
1	English	Calcutta	A form of auction in which people invest in a player's success
2	Bengali	কলকাতা	—
3	Bengali	কলিকাতা	—