Where does “ӯстод” come from?

ӯстод (Tajik) comes from Middle Persian ʾwstʾt', from Proto-Iranian Hawastātas, from Proto-Iranian HawastaHyáti, from Proto-Iranian Hawa-.

Ancestry of “ӯстод”, step by step

ӯстод traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via Middle Persian ʾwstʾt'

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle Persianʾwstʾt'master, craftsman
2Proto-IranianHawastātas
3Proto-IranianHawastaHyáti
4Proto-IranianHawa-

via Middle Persian ???????

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle Persian???????master, craftsman
Every word from Proto-Iranian Hawa-Every word from Proto-Iranian HawastaHyátiEvery word from Proto-Iranian Hawastātas