Староду́б (Ukrainian) comes from Ukrainian стари́й, from Old East Slavic старъ, from Proto-Slavic starъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic staʔros, from Proto-Indo-European steh₂-ro-, from Proto-Indo-European steh₂- — to stand.
Ancestry of “Староду́б”, step by step
Староду́б traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.