Where does “توڭماق” come from?

توڭماق (Uyghur) comes from Chagatai تونکماق, from Karakhanid تُنْكْماقْ, from Proto-Turkic *toŋ- — to freeze.

Ancestry of “توڭماق”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Chagataiتونکماقto freeze; to become solid
2Karakhanidتُنْكْماقْ—
3Proto-Turkic*toŋ-to freeze
Every word from Proto-Turkic *toŋ- →Every word from Karakhanid تُنْكْماقْ →Every word from Chagatai تونکماق →