Where does “պենալ” come from?
պենալ (Armenian) comes from Russian пена́льти, from English penalty, from Middle French pénalité, from French pénal, from Latin poenalis, from Latin poenā, from Ancient Greek ποινή, from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́ — to pay; to avenge.
պենալ (Armenian): penalty
Ancestry of “պենալ”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | Russian | пена́льти | — |
| 2 | English | penalty | A legal sentence; A punishment for violating... |
| 3 | Middle French | pénalité | — |
| 4 | French | pénal | penal, criminal |
| 5 | Latin | poenalis | penal; of or pertaining to punishment |
| 6 | Latin | poenā | — |
| 7 | Ancient Greek | ποινή | blood money, wergeld; fine, ransom, penalty,... |
| 8 | Proto-Hellenic | kʷoinā́ | — |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷoynéh₂ | payment; punishment, vengeance |
| 10 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷey- | to pay; to avenge |