Words that come from Proto-Indo-European “kʷoynéh₂”

400 words across 83 languages descend from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂ — including punishment, penalty, penal, punitive, impunity, penalize, peine, penology.

See the etymology of kʷoynéh₂ itself →

English (50)

French (30)

Spanish (25)

Latin (20)

Czech (19)

Italian (18)

Polish (17)

Russian (17)

Azerbaijani (15)

Irish (12)

Serbo-Croatian (10)

Portuguese (10)

Old French (8)

Catalan (7)

Welsh (6)

German (6)

Middle English (6)

Middle French (5)

Danish (5)

Esperanto (5)

Turkish (5)

Manx (5)

Romanian (5)

Icelandic (4)

Swedish (4)

Armenian (4)

Finnish (4)

Lithuanian (3)

Ladin (3)

Ukrainian (3)

Proto-Slavic (3)

Old Armenian (3)

Norwegian Bokmål (3)

Ancient Greek (2)

Dutch (2)

Slovak (2)

Bulgarian (2)

Faroese (2)

Estonian (2)

Norwegian Nynorsk (2)

Norman (2)

Medieval Latin (2)

Proto-Germanic (2)

Proto-Balto-Slavic (1)

Slovene (1)

Macedonian (1)

Middle Dutch (1)

Old Turkic (1)

Proto-Hellenic (1)

Greek (1)

Old Irish (1)

Middle Irish (1)

Old Persian (1)

Ligurian (1)

Luxembourgish (1)

Central Franconian (1)

Latvian (1)

Old Occitan (1)

Old Norse (1)

Belarusian (1)

Persian (1)

Middle Persian (1)

Scottish Gaelic (1)

Old Church Slavonic (1)

Tagalog (1)

Old Swedish (1)

Old English (1)

Anglo-Norman (1)

Galician (1)

Old Spanish (1)

Old Saxon (1)

Late Latin (1)

Old High German (1)

Middle High German (1)

Middle Low German (1)

Proto-Indo-Iranian (1)

Proto-Iranian (1)

Old East Slavic (1)

Cornish (1)

Old Frisian (1)

Old Polish (1)

Hawaiian (1)

Old Catalan (1)