Where does “ard-phian” come from?
ard-phian (Manx) comes from Manx pian, from Middle Irish pían, from Old Irish pén, from Medieval Latin pena, from Latin poenā, from Ancient Greek ποινή, from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂ — to pay; to avenge.
ard-phian (Manx): physical agony
Definitions
- physical agony
Ancestry of “ard-phian”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manx | pian | pain |
| 2 | Middle Irish | pían | pain |
| 3 | Old Irish | pén | pain, punishment |
| 4 | Medieval Latin | pena | punishment in hell; Alternative form of poena |
| 5 | Latin | poenā | penalty, punishment |
| 6 | Ancient Greek | ποινή | blood money, wergeld; fine, ransom, penalty,... |
| 7 | Proto-Hellenic | kʷoinā́ | — |
| 8 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷoynéh₂ | payment; punishment, vengeance |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷey- | to pay; to avenge |