Where does “pianmhar” come from?
pianmhar (Irish) comes from Irish pian, from Middle Irish pían, from Old Irish pén, from Medieval Latin pena, from Latin poenā, from Ancient Greek ποινή, from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂ — to pay; to avenge.
pianmhar (Irish): painful
Ancestry of “pianmhar”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | Irish | pian | pain; punishment, penalty; pain; punish |
| 2 | Middle Irish | pían | pain |
| 3 | Old Irish | pén | — |
| 4 | Medieval Latin | pena | punishment in hell; Alternative form of poena |
| 5 | Latin | poenā | — |
| 6 | Ancient Greek | ποινή | blood money, wergeld; fine, ransom, penalty,... |
| 7 | Proto-Hellenic | kʷoinā́ | — |
| 8 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷoynéh₂ | payment; punishment, vengeance |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷey- | to pay; to avenge |