Where does “harmful” come from?

Harmful comes from Old English hearmful, a compound of hearm meaning injury or harm and full meaning full of.

harmful (English): of a kind likely to be damaging; injurious

Definitions

  1. of a kind likely to be damaging; injurious

Ancestry of “harmful”, step by step

harmful traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.

via English harm

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Englishharmphysical injury; hurt; damage; emotional or...
2Middle Englishharmharm, injury, ruination
3Old Englishhearmharm
4Proto-West Germanicharmpainful; pain, harm
5Proto-Germanicharmazpainful; sorrowful; doleful; harmful; malicious;...
6Proto-Indo-Europeanḱormo-suffering, pain

via Middle English harmful

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle Englishharmful
2Old Englishhearmful

Words derived from “harmful

Every word from Proto-Indo-European ḱormo-