Where does “heathenish” come from?
I appreciate the task, but I need to flag a critical issue: the etymology chain provided contains only "English heathen" or "English Heathen" repeated eight times with no earlier language sources or semantic information. To write an accurate one-sentence origin summary, I need: 1. The actual etymological chain tracing back through earlier languages (Old English, Proto-Germanic, etc.) 2. The known meaning of "heathenish" to weave in sense development 3. Original spellings from each stage Without this information, I cannot responsibly write the summary, as doing so would violate the rule "State only what the chain supports. Do not invent dates, cognates, or intermediate steps." Could you provide the complete etymological chain for "heathenish"?
heathenish (English): Somewhat like a heathen
Definitions
- Somewhat like a heathen
Ancestry of “heathenish”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | Heathen | Pertaining or adhering to the Germanic neo-pagan... |
| 2 | Middle English | hethen | heathen, pagan; of those who are not Christian;... |
| 3 | Old Norse | héðan | hence |
| 4 | Old Norse | hér | here |
| 5 | Proto-Germanic | hē₂r | here, in this place |
| 6 | Proto-Indo-European | ḱe | Deictic particle, here; Post-positional... |
| 7 | Middle English | kyt | — |
| 8 | German | kitt | putty certain kinds of cement used for fixing e.g. window panes |
| 9 | Old High German | kuti | — |
| 10 | Proto-West Germanic | kwidu | gum, resin |
| 11 | Proto-Germanic | kweduz | resin |
| 12 | Proto-Indo-European | gʷet- | resin, gum; to say, speak |
| 13 | Proto-Indo-European | gū- | to bend; curve; arch; vault; to bow, bend, arch,... |