Where does “roughener” come from?
roughener (English) comes from English roughen, from English rough, from English ruff, from German Ruf, from Middle High German ruof, from Old High German ruof, from Old High German ruofan, from Proto-West Germanic hrōpan — army.
roughener (English): That which roughens
Definitions
- That which roughens
Ancestry of “roughener”, step by step
roughener traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.
via English roughen
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | roughen | To make rough; To become rough |
| 2 | English | rough | Not smooth; uneven; Approximate; hasty or... |
| 3 | English | ruff | A circular frill or ruffle on a garment,... |
| 4 | German | Ruf | call; reputation |
| 5 | Middle High German | ruof | — |
| 6 | Old High German | ruof | — |
| 7 | Old High German | ruofan | to call |
| 8 | Proto-West Germanic | hrōpan | to cry out, to call, to shout |
| 9 | Proto-Germanic | hrōpaną | to cry out, call, shout |
| 10 | Proto-Indo-European | ḱer- | to grow, to make grow, to nourish; to plait,... |
| 11 | Proto-Indo-European | kr̥- | to turn, to bend |
| 12 | Proto-Indo-European | ker- | army |
via English ER
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | ER | The statistic "Earned Run"; Initialism of... |
| 2 | Turkish | er | early; brave; man, male |
| 3 | Ottoman Turkish | ایر | saddle, a seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal |
| 4 | Old Anatolian Turkish | ایر | early, at a time in advance of the usual or expected event |
| 5 | Proto-Turkic | ēder | saddle |