Where does “roughwork” come from?
roughwork (English) comes from English rough, from English ruff, from German Ruf, from Middle High German ruof, from Old High German ruof, from Old High German ruofan, from Proto-West Germanic hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic hrōpaną — army.
roughwork (English): To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety...
Definitions
- To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety...
Ancestry of “roughwork”, step by step
roughwork traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.
via English rough
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | rough | Not smooth; uneven; Approximate; hasty or... |
| 2 | English | ruff | A circular frill or ruffle on a garment,... |
| 3 | German | Ruf | call; reputation |
| 4 | Middle High German | ruof | — |
| 5 | Old High German | ruof | — |
| 6 | Old High German | ruofan | to call |
| 7 | Proto-West Germanic | hrōpan | to cry out, to call, to shout |
| 8 | Proto-Germanic | hrōpaną | to cry out, call, shout |
| 9 | Proto-Indo-European | ḱer- | to grow, to make grow, to nourish; to plait,... |
| 10 | Proto-Indo-European | kr̥- | to turn, to bend |
| 11 | Proto-Indo-European | ker- | army |