Where does “-s” come from?

-s (Middle Dutch) comes from Old Dutch -es, from Proto-Germanic -as, from Proto-Indo-European -ēs, from Proto-Indo-European -ess, from Proto-Indo-European -os — Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs;...

Ancestry of “-s”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Dutch-es—
2Proto-Germanic-asused in formation of adverbs
3Proto-Indo-European-ēsPrimarily forms adjectival bahuvrīhi compounds
4Proto-Indo-European-ess—
5Proto-Indo-European-osCreates action nouns or result nouns from verbs;...

Words derived from “-s”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European -os →Every word from Proto-Indo-European -ēs →Every word from Proto-Germanic -as →