Where does “astonien” come from?

astonien (Middle English) comes from Old English āstunian, from Old English ā-, from Old English ar-, from Proto-West Germanic uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic uz-, from Proto-Indo-European uss-, from Proto-Indo-European uds-, from Proto-Indo-European úd — out, outward.

Ancestry of “astonien”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishāstunian—
2Old Englishā-a-; away, out
3Old Englishar-—
4Proto-West Germanicuʀ-out, over; off, away
5Proto-Germanicuz-up, out
6Proto-Indo-Europeanuss-—
7Proto-Indo-Europeanuds-up, out
8Proto-Indo-Europeanúdout, outward

Words derived from “astonien”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European úd →Every word from Proto-Indo-European uds- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European uss- →