Etymology Explorer › Middle English

Where does “muscle” come from?

muscle (Middle English) comes from Old English muscle, from Proto-Germanic *muskulā, from Latin muscula, from Latin mūsculus, from Ancient Greek μῦς, from Proto-Hellenic *mū́s, from Proto-Indo-Iranian múHs, from Proto-Indo-European múh₂s — mouse.

Ancestry of “muscle”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishmuscle—
2Proto-Germanic*muskulā—
3LatinmusculaDiminutive of musca
4Latinmūsculus—
5Ancient Greekμῦςmouse; A type of mussel; A type of whale
6Proto-Hellenic*mū́s—
7Proto-Indo-IranianmúHsmouse
8Proto-Indo-Europeanmúh₂smouse

Words derived from “muscle”

  • muscle
  • muscling
  • nonmuscle
  • muscleman
  • musclebound
  • muscly
  • outmuscle
  • musclehead
  • muscleless
  • muscley
  • muscleblind
  • musclelike
  • musclewood
  • musclemanship
  • musclebike
  • musclesome
  • muscleful
  • musclebrain
  • gym muscles
  • muscle car
  • muscle boy
  • muscledom
  • musclewoman
  • masel
Every word from Proto-Indo-European múh₂s →