Where does “up-” come from?

up- (Middle English) comes from Old English ūp-, from Old English ūp, from Proto-Germanic upp, from Proto-Germanic ub, from Proto-Indo-European upó, from Proto-Indo-European h₃ewp-.

Ancestry of “up-”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishūp-up-
2Old Englishūpup, from above
3Proto-Germanicuppup, upwards
4Proto-Germanicubunder
5Proto-Indo-Europeanupóunder, below
6Proto-Indo-Europeanh₃ewp-—

Words derived from “up-”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European h₃ewp- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European upó →Every word from Proto-Germanic ub →